How to Grow and Care for Lilies
Lilies are elegant, aromatic plants with trumpet-shaped or star-shaped flowers. They flourish when planted in well-draining, fertile soil with adequate sunlight and regular maintenance. This article explains how to select lily types, prepare soil, plant bulbs, water, fertilize and manage pests and diseases using suitable treatments.
Selecting Types and Site
Asiatic lilies bloom earlier and are hardy and low-maintenance; Oriental lilies produce large, fragrant flowers later in summer. Trumpet and Turk’s cap types offer variety in height and form. Choose a site with morning sun and afternoon shade in hot climates, or full sun in cooler areas. Good air circulation prevents fungal issues.
Soil Preparation
Lilies prefer rich, well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Improve heavy clay by adding coarse sand or grit and plenty of compost to enhance drainage. Raised beds are excellent for bulbs in poorly draining sites. Incorporate organic matter into the planting hole to provide nutrients and structure.
Planting Bulbs
Plant lily bulbs in spring or fall depending on variety. Dig holes 6–8 inches deep for most types and space 8–12 inches apart. Position bulbs with the pointed end up. Add a layer of grit beneath bulbs in heavy soils to encourage drainage. Water well after planting to settle the soil.
Watering and Mulch
Water lilies regularly to maintain even moisture during active growth, reducing frequency as flowers fade. Mulch with compost or bark to conserve moisture and suppress weeds, but leave the crown slightly exposed to avoid rot. Avoid waterlogged conditions which promote fungal pathogens.
Fertilizing
Incorporate compost at planting, then feed in early spring with a balanced fertilizer when shoots emerge. A second light feeding after flowering supports bulb development for the following year. Organic fertilizers such as compost tea and well-rotted manure support steady growth and reduce chemical dependency.
Staking and Support
Tall lilies often need staking to prevent bending or breakage in wind and rain. Use soft ties and unobtrusive stakes placed early so roots are not disturbed. Group plantings can reduce movement and provide mutual support as stems mature.
Pests, Diseases and Treatments
Lily beetles are a significant pest—hand-pick adults and larvae or use insecticides labeled for lily beetle control. Aphids can be controlled with insecticidal soap or strong water sprays. Botrytis and other fungal diseases cause brown spots and rot—remove affected tissue, improve air flow, and use fungicides if necessary. Rotate bulbs every few years to reduce soil-borne disease buildup.
Division and Winter Care
Divide crowded clumps every 3–4 years by lifting bulbs in fall and separating offsets. In cold climates apply a protective mulch layer for winter; remove in spring when danger of hard frost passes. With correct soil, water, and pest vigilance, lilies provide dramatic late-spring and summer blooms.