How to Grow and Care for Lavender
Lavender is a fragrant, drought-tolerant plant prized for its silvery foliage, long-lasting flower spikes and versatility in gardens and containers. Best grown in sharp, well-draining soils and full sun, lavender needs little fertilizer and benefits from annual pruning. This guide covers site selection, soil preparation, planting, seasonal care and treatments for the few pests or diseases that can affect lavender.
Selecting Varieties and Site
English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is cold-hardy and excellent for culinary uses; lavandin hybrids produce larger spikes and more oil but may be less hardy. Choose a sunny site that receives at least eight hours of direct sun daily. Lavender dislikes heavy, wet soils—sharp drainage is critical.
Soil Preparation
Lavender prefers sandy or rocky soils with excellent drainage and a pH that is neutral to slightly alkaline. Amend heavy soils with coarse sand, grit or small gravel and organic matter to improve texture. Raised beds are an excellent solution for poor-draining sites.
Planting
Plant lavender in spring after the last frost in cool climates. Space plants 12–24 inches apart depending on variety to ensure airflow. In containers use a free-draining potting mix with added grit; terracotta pots help wick moisture away to prevent root problems.
Watering and Mulch
Newly planted lavender needs regular watering until established, then require only occasional deep watering. Overwatering encourages root rot; water only when the soil is dry to the touch. Avoid organic mulches that retain moisture close to the crown—use a thin layer of gravel or avoid mulch entirely to keep the crown dry.
Fertilizing
Lavender thrives in low-fertility soils and does not require heavy feeding. A light application of compost at planting is sufficient. Excess nitrogen results in floppy growth and reduced fragrance; avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers.
Pruning
Prune lavender annually after flowering to maintain a compact shape and remove up to one-third of the new growth. Avoid cutting into old woody stems that won’t regenerate. Proper pruning keeps plants vigorous and prevents them becoming woody in the center.
Pests, Diseases and Treatments
Lavender has relatively few pests; occasional issues include spittlebugs or root diseases in poorly drained soils. Prevent problems by choosing a sunny site and ensuring free drainage. For fungal root rot improve drainage or grow in containers; fungicides are rarely needed if cultural conditions are correct.
Harvesting
Harvest lavender stems when buds have formed but before full bloom for optimal scent and oil. Cut in the morning after dew dries and dry bunches in a cool, dark place. With good drainage, full sun and annual pruning, lavender becomes a long-lived, fragrant garden asset.